With the increasing demand for high-quality skilled talents, building a teaching management system suitable for the characteristics of modern apprenticeship is the key to ensuring the smooth implementation of practical teaching. After the contemporary apprenticeship quality management system, this article takes vocational college students under the current apprenticeship management system in S city as the research object, uses principal component analysis and multiple choice linear regression methods to evaluate student initiative and explore the relevant influencing factors, Assess the impact and degree of influence of various factors on the agency of vocational college students. The results show that motivation investment (0.2421) and emotional investment (0.2335) are closely related to the evaluation results of student agency. The agency of the selected students is at a lower than average level, with an evaluation score of 2.9096. The impact value of the modern apprenticeship management system on student agency is 3.561, above average. Among them, The impact of factor process (3.838) is the greatest