The reform of ideological and political education in higher education encompasses a broad spectrum of challenges, many of which continue to impede its effectiveness. This paper delves into these reforms by constructing an index system of factors that influence the effectiveness of ideological and political education, and it posits several research hypotheses. Within this framework, factors identified from the index system serve as independent variables, while the efficacy of ideological and political education reforms serves as the dependent variable. A multiple linear regression model is employed to analyze these relationships, with evaluations conducted through fit, residual, and variance tests. Correlation analysis is utilized to explore the interactions among the influencing factors, and hypothesis testing is performed on each variable in relation to the impact of Civic and Political Education reform. The analysis reveals that teacher-level factors provide a substantial explanatory power of 79.6%, positively impacting the reform efforts. Conversely, the regression correlation coefficient at the student level stands at 0.165, indicating a negligible linear relationship with the reform outcomes. All hypotheses were validated, with the exception of H5. This study not only provides a foundational reference for enhancing current reforms in Civic and Political Education but also lays the groundwork for future strategic planning in this crucial educational domain.