This research examines the synchronized progression of regional logistics and environmental support systems in China’s central region. Utilizing a comprehensive evaluation index system, the study employs a combination of entropy methods, TOPSIS analysis, and coupling coordination modeling to assess the development levels of regional logistics and environmental support systems across six central provinces from 2011 to 2020. The analysis focuses on comprehensive scores, coupling coordination degrees, and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. The results indicate a synergistic relationship between the two systems in the six central provinces, with both comprehensive scores and coupling coordination D values demonstrating consistent growth over time. The study reveals a coordinated and orderly developmental pattern in the coupling and coordination relationship between the six provinces and the two systems within the central region. The overall degree of coupling and coordination in the central region exhibits a well-coordinated status, with provinces ranked as follows: Henan > Anhui and Hubei > Hunan > Shanxi and Jiangxi. This ranking demonstrates a spatial characteristic of high coordination in the middle and lower coordination at both extremities. The research identifies the underdeveloped state of regional logistics as the primary limiting factor. From the notable findings, this study’s conclusions offer valuable insights for policy formulation regarding the coordinated development of regional logistics and environmental support systems in China’s central region.