This paper combines the training method of generative adversarial network and the robust row layout design method of building based on CGAN, and selects pix2pix model to carry out the spatial layout design of intelligent building, to explore the actual effect of intelligent building design. Using the building layout design of a generative adversarial network, different parameters and residual block numbers are set to compare the impact of building texture generation. The intelligent building using GAN technology is selected to carry out the spatial design characterization of both Light and shadow and luminance, and the SD spatial environment evaluation factor is used to refine the discussion of the spatial design experience of intelligent buildings designed using generative adversarial technology. The Light and shadow distribution of intelligent building design is mainly presented as four types, in which the light and shadow location types of reading room, hall, rest space and exhibition hall are primarily offered as horizontal division types. In a public intelligent building, the rest area is separated into 25% of the distance and 25% of the vertical division, with an improved design balance.