Blockchain technology, with its decentralization, traceability, and immutability, offers promising solutions across various sectors, including education. This study explores the application of blockchain in enhancing the security and personalization of educational resource sharing within university physical education (PE). We ensure secure resource sharing by developing a blockchain-based model for PE resource distribution and refining the consensus algorithm. Our research involved a 10-week experiment with 80 university students, measuring changes in psychological factors (e.g., anxiety, depression) and physiological parameters (e.g., lung capacity). Results indicated a notable improvement in students’ psychological well-being, with anxiety and depression levels dropping by an average of 15%, and a significant enhancement in physiological health, evidenced by an average increase in lung capacity of 2.11±1.00 ml/kg. These findings underscore the potential of blockchain technology to elevate university PE teaching practices and positively impact student health, highlighting its significant applicability and future potential in educational contexts.