Urban community sports microgovernance is an important support to promote a higher level of public service system for national fitness. The study first analyzes the sharing mode of urban community sports microgovernance, selects evaluation indicators of urban community sports microgovernance efficacy from multidimensional aspects, collects relevant indicator data from 10 communities in a city, and then conducts factor analysis and assessment of sports microgovernance efficacy by using the principal component analysis method. On this basis, the influencing factors of sports microgovernance effectiveness enhancement are summarized, and a qualitative comparison method is used to obtain the enhancement path of community sports microgovernance effectiveness. After analysis, the overall performance of sports microgovernance efficacy in the sample communities is better, with 60% of the communities having a standardized score above 0.5, and the best performance of sports microgovernance efficacy in community C2, with a score of 0.695. 5 sports microgovernance efficacy enhancement paths were obtained from the group analysis, which can explain 92.6% of the cases. Among them, sports governance standardization and enhancement of sports microgovernance effectiveness are necessary. Relevant departments need to grasp the core of sports governance standardization, promote multi-dimensional common governance and intelligent services, and make up the supply of venues and facilities to encourage the effective enhancement of community sports micro-governance efficacy.