Based on the design of functional orientation, the training mechanism of young Marxists was innovated by combining network characteristics. Forty experts from enterprises, colleges, and universities were selected, and the Delphi method was applied to finalize the evaluation index system of the Marxist cultivation mechanism. Based on the evaluation index system, the Marxist cultivation mechanism’s evaluation model was constructed using principal component analysis. The results show that the weight coefficient of the effect index Q16 of the Marxist cultivation mechanism is 0.32415, and the weight coefficient of the innovation index Q8 of the Marxist cultivation mechanism is 0.20381. The extracted principal components can effectively explain the key factors of the cultivation mechanism. This study advances the new development of the Marxist cultivation mechanism in terms of epochal, scientific, and systematic, which is of great significance to the development of Marxist education in colleges and universities.