Facing the triple challenges of information opacity, inefficiency, and security in e-commerce supply chain logistics, this study turns to blockchain technology for solutions. Blockchain’s decentralization, transparency, and security features present fresh avenues for overcoming these obstacles. By harnessing the Adaboost algorithm, we optimize logistics data processing to bolster decision-making efficiency. Moreover, using game theory, we analyze how information sharing strategies among enterprises affect logistics management, advocating for a paradigm shift towards cooperative logistics modes. Implementing blockchain technology in our study led to a significant leap in logistics transparency and efficiency, with experimental data revealing a 20% decrease in logistics costs and a 30% enhancement in efficiency. These findings affirm the role of blockchain as a catalyst for innovation in e-commerce supply chain logistics, promoting a more efficient and secure information-sharing ecosystem.