Driven by artificial intelligence technology and the popularization of the “Internet +” concept, many chemical enterprises have gradually transformed to production automation. However, regarding automation control, these enterprises often still have certain deficiencies. Because of this, this paper proposes an ant colony optimization algorithm to find the best path for the automation control of chemical enterprises. It builds a chemical automation control system based on it. This system mainly focuses on monitoring and managing various aspects of chemical enterprises. After introducing this control system, it conducts in-depth research and Analysis on the production capacity and equipment safety of enterprises. Test results show that the chemical control system constructed in this paper can effectively maintain the standard output of the production equipment in the interval of [16,25] per second, and the maximum output per hour is up to 1017. At the same time, the quality of the production products of the PPM index value continues to be at a high level. In addition, the automated control system can provide early warning of potential equipment hazards by monitoring different levels of current fluctuations. The chemical automation control system proposed in this paper shows excellent performance in detecting and controlling the automated production process in chemical companies.