The basic idea of teaching reform and practice is the teaching mode. This research, which is based on POA, examines how higher vocational English is taught under the direction of a new teaching model and assesses the viability and application of using POA to teach English in vocational institutions. This paper establishes an English teaching in vocational colleges model under POA, which consists of three parts: “driving,” “facilitating,” and “evaluating.”Through the improvement of the BP neural network, this research develops the English teaching in vocational colleges quality assessment model under POA, thereby verifying the efficacy of the model. The changes in students’ English achievement are explored through teaching experiments and the two-sided sigmoid curve. A value of 0.007<0.05 in the paired-sample t-test of the experimental class proves that compared with the traditional English teaching in vocational colleges model, the English teaching in vocational colleges model under POA has a more obvious promotion effect on English achievement. The improved BP neural network model produced quantitative assessments of teaching quality that are mostly in line with actual findings. The model is used to evaluate the quality of English instruction in vocational colleges under POA.