Improving the mental health of young people is an important task in the construction of spiritual civilization in the new era. The main purpose of this paper is to construct a psychology education and training model for college students that is based on PBL theory. Then, the subjective perception of students under this teaching mode was studied through statistical analysis and significance test, and the impact of psychology education on students’ communication ability, self-efficacy and emotion regulation ability was analyzed based on the analysis. Finally, the regression analysis model was used to test the intervention effect of psychology education on students’ psychological crises and explore the influence factors of each dimension of psychology education. The results showed that the standardized regression coefficients of the dimensions of psychology education and the level of students’ mental health were −0.013, −0.155, −0.34, −0.113, and −0.022, respectively, and the significance test result of the regression equation was F=35.757, P<0.05, which indicated that psychology education had a significant effect on students’ mental health. This study holds great significance in enhancing the quality of school education and establishing a comprehensive and diverse psychology curriculum system in schools.