Telemedicine systems, with the development of network technology, have gradually become a new trend in the medical field, which can transmit medical information over a long distance so that experts and doctors can diagnose the patient’s condition and provide emergency assistance over a long distance. This paper puts forward the overall design of the remote monitoring system and its construction objectives, and the construction of the monitoring system to demonstrate in detail the objectives, based on the C/S architecture and the TCP protocol cluster is more suitable for the system design program. Machine vision is utilized to simulate the visual function of the human eye, and the parameters are optimized using the excellent likelihood estimation method to process and extract the monitoring image. The blood oxygen saturation, ECG signal, and body temperature information module are designed to capture physiological information from the user. After testing, this designed remote monitoring system successfully realizes the remote monitoring function of the patient’s oxygen saturation, ECG signal, and body temperature. Meanwhile, an error of ±0.1°C was realized in body temperature detection, and the maximum error of blood oxygen saturation detection was 3%, which all meet the relevant standards. With a simple structure and low price, this system proposes a new method for designing a telemedicine monitoring system.