This paper explores the diversified strategies of English translation teaching and the objectives of English translation teaching from various aspects and constructs a diversified teaching model of English translation. Then, it applies the structural equation modeling analysis method to deeply investigate the influence mechanism of diversified teaching of English translation on students’ English thinking, constructs a path model of the influence of diversified teaching of English translation on students’ overall and sub-competence of English thinking, and analyzes its influence effect. Finally, the moderating effect of diversified teaching of English translation on the English proficiency of students at different levels was investigated using the method of multi-cluster structural analysis. It is found that the total effect value of diversified teaching on critical thinking in English translation and problem-solving ability in English translation is 0.726 and 0.716, respectively, of which the indirect effect value accounts for 40.59% and 52.36% of the total effect value, respectively. This study verifies the feasibility, superiority, and universality of the teaching model proposed in this paper from several aspects.