Addressing current challenges in music aesthetic education at colleges and universities, this study introduces an evaluation system rooted in hierarchical analysis to advance goal management in teaching. Expert consensus guided the selection and weighting of evaluation indices across a province’s higher education landscape. Implementing this system through information technology and data analysis software, our research analyzed teaching examples to gauge effectiveness. Results demonstrated improved teaching quality, with experimental and control groups showing average score increases of 1.24 and 1.03 points, respectively. This underscores the system’s potential to elevate the management and organization of music aesthetic education, contributing valuable insights to its evaluation theory and enhancing educational quality in Chinese colleges and universities.