Curriculum Civics is a key educational concept for colleges and universities to implement the fundamental task of cultivating people with moral character, and the innovative teaching mode of curriculum Civics is conducive to promoting the quality of work in colleges and universities. Based on ADDIE, this paper constructs the innovative teaching mode of “network+classroom+practice”. By improving the learning behavior cluster analysis method of the K-Means algorithm, the learning state of students’ course Civics is carefully classified and the regression model is used to analyze the interrelationship between the dimensions of students’ Civics thinking and the constructed teaching model. Based on the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper, we take X college as the research object and conduct empirical analysis from three aspects of students’ learning performance, learning behavior, and level of Civic and Political thinking. The results show that the F-statistics of critical thinking, creative thinking, value thinking, spiritual thinking, and conscious thinking in students’ civic thinking are 148.923, 241.125, 112.561, 83.254, and 84.968, respectively, and the significance is less than 0.05. There is a significant linear relationship between the elements of the innovative teaching model of the civic thinking of the college curriculum and the dimensions of civic thinking, which can improve the level of students’ Civic and Political Thinking.