This paper discusses how virtual reality (VR) technology effectively integrates traditional art colors in modern graphic design and its impact on the visual communication effect. Through structural equation modeling (SEM) and K-mean clustering algorithm, the application of traditional art colors in modern graphic design and its influence on visual communication are studied and analyzed. The results show that applying standard colors has a significant impact in contemporary graphic design, especially in emotional resonance, cultural symbols, guiding attention and brand identity. The application of conventional colors has a high visual communication effect with modern graphic design, and there is a significant positive correlation between the dimensions. Finally, through K-mean clustering analysis, the optical communication effect of graphic design is divided into four types, in which emotional resonance and cultural symbols occupy an essential position in the visual communication effect. The research results provide a theoretical basis for applying traditional delicate art colors in modern graphic design and a practical reference for designers in the actual design process.