In this paper, the basic framework of AI education is firstly constructed by combining educational AI technology, and then the technical architecture, including intelligent classroom, online learning platform, and interactive learning tools, is built based on the content of intelligent teaching environment of Civics education in colleges and universities. Then, we explored the students’ Civics learning under the intelligent teaching environment, analyzed the correlation between the Civics teaching effect and intelligent teaching, and investigated the influence of the intelligent teaching environment on the Civics teaching effect through a stepwise regression model. Intelligent teaching correlates with students’ learning interest, theoretical knowledge, professional ability, and learning attitude at the 5% level, with correlation coefficients of 0.798, 0.656, 0.712, and 0.553. In this study, theoretical references are provided for the integration of intelligent technology into Civics teaching.