Climate change is triggering more frequent and intense hydrological disasters, which significantly impact society and economy. This paper discusses the specific impacts of these changes on hydrological hazards. It analyzes the early warning mechanism, risk assessment, and coping strategies to provide a scientific basis for effective response. This paper aims to explore the impact of climate change on hydrological disasters and develop effective prediction and response strategies. The effects of climate change on the mechanisms of hydrological disasters, risk assessment theory, influencing factors, and early warning mechanisms is studied through a comprehensive analysis method. According to the study, climate change significantly impacts the frequency and intensity of hydrological disasters. In a particular region, there has been a 30% increase in the frequency of floods caused by heavy rainfall over the past 20 years, leading to a 40% increase in economic losses. In addition, climate model-based risk assessment methods effectively predicted the potential impacts of these disasters. The study revealed that enhancing early warning systems and raising public awareness can reduce catastrophe risk. Climate change significantly impacts hydrological hazards, and more systematic and integrated management strategies are needed to reduce their impacts.