This paper takes three colleges and universities in a province as an example, designs relevant questionnaires and distributes them, and analyzes the collected data by using statistical methods such as independent samples t-test and ANOVA one-way ANOVA. The paper analyzes the data collected using statistical methods such as independent sample T-tests and ANOVA to infer the overall situation of the current level of emotional identification with Marxist theory among Chinese college students. The data was examined in detail to determine the variations in the emotional recognition of Marxist theory among college students based on their gender, ethnicity, and professional classification. The results show that more than 50% of college students understand Marxism and strongly identify with it. The overall mean score of affective identification is 35.324, which is a good status for identification. In terms of different genders, the P-values of value identity, knowledge identity, social identity, and behavioral identity are less than 0.1, and there are significant differences. Emotional identity does not have significant differences in different ethnicities (P = 0.382 > 0.05) and different majors (P = 0.426 > 0.05).