In recent years, the development of network novels has pushed traditional cultures such as Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism to a peak of attention, making traditional cultures constantly emphasized and excavated, forming an important social subject. The evaluation of textual entities with respect to the integration of modern and contemporary literary works and traditional culture is supported by a semantic association network model proposed in this paper. The model fully exploits the heterogeneity of semantic associations between modern and contemporary literary works and traditional culture and utilizes the RSS model to extract the emotional words of traditional cultural elements in the text of literary works in order to decide the global importance of traditional cultural elements in literary works. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was verified in the dataset. The results of the study show that in the dataset of modern and contemporary literary works, the traditional cultures with the highest semantic association strengths are Taoist culture (0.657), Confucian culture (0.583), and folk culture (0.651), respectively. The incorporation of traditional culture by writers in their literary works can result in a mutual achievement and development of literary works and traditional culture.