This paper builds a mechanism for the integration of the digital economy and agricultural economy and analyzes the scientific path of agricultural economic development under the mode of “Internet+”. Secondly, on the basis of Internet technology, for the multi-objective optimization problem of agricultural circular economy, the multi-objective optimization problem is solved by selecting decision variables of agricultural circular economy and determining the objective function of agricultural circular economy. Then, from the actual situation of the regional agricultural economy, we determine the constraints, decision variable parameters, and the adaptability function so as to construct the structural optimization model of the agricultural circular economy and carry out an example analysis of the high-quality development of the agricultural economy. The results show that on the model optimization analysis, the optimized planting area of corn is 15,956 hectares, and the optimized numbers of pigs, cattle and poultry are 302, 144, 25, 543 and 579, 1332, respectively. On the model application prediction analysis, it is recommended to increase the support for agriculture to 102.5% (2022=100%) while increasing the support for forestry to 105.1% (2022=100%). This study provides strong support and guidance for the optimization of the agricultural and industrial structure and provides a more scientific decision-making basis for the high-quality development of the agricultural economy.