Ethnic music culture is a rare and precious artistic treasure in all national cultures, and the inheritance and promotion of ethnic music culture is an essential part of music education teaching in colleges and universities. This paper delves into the characteristics of the development and dissemination of ethnic music culture in the Internet era, with the aim of studying the integration of ethnic music culture into music education teaching in colleges and universities through the use of Internet technology. Through the collaborative filtering algorithm, students’ preferences for ethnic music works are mined so as to recommend accurate teaching resources for college students on the ethnic music online teaching platform constructed based on the collaborative filtering algorithm. In order to fully prove the effectiveness of the teaching platform designed in this paper, the rough set theory and neural network algorithm are used to construct the online teaching quality evaluation model for college ethnic music. The questionnaire survey method is used to study the status quo of ethnic music teaching in colleges and universities, and it is concluded that at present, there are problems in ethnic music teaching in colleges and universities, such as insufficient concepts of students learning ethnic music and insufficient attention to ethnic music in colleges and universities themselves. Through the analysis of the effect of the recommended algorithm, the design of the evaluation index system, and the practical application, the quantitative assessment value of the teaching quality of the ethnic music online teaching platform designed in this paper in the practical application is 92.11, which indicates that the comprehensive rating of the quality of the ethnic music online teaching in colleges and universities in this paper is excellent.