The rapid development of the economy makes the social requirements for talent rise, and exploring the quality evaluation of talent cultivation in the integration of university education and industry has become a topic worthy of in-depth study. This paper is based on the IPO model for the construction of a university education industry-teaching integration talent cultivation quality evaluation index system and utilizes CRITIC analysis method to calculate the index weights of the talent cultivation quality evaluation system. The GRA-TOPSIS evaluation model was established by combining the gray correlation analysis method with the ideal sorting TOPSIS method to realize the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of talent cultivation for the integration of education and industry in colleges and universities. To further explore the obstacle factors that hinder the development of talent cultivation quality of university industry-teaching integration, the data were quantitatively analyzed by using the diagnostic model of obstacle factors. The results show that in the evaluation of talent cultivation quality, the weight value of teaching and training is 0.1449, and the relative proximity of talent cultivation quality of colleges and universities has increased by 18.36% from 2015 to 2022, and the obstacle degree of the construction of training bases to the quality of talent cultivation of university-industry-teaching integration has reached 49.93%. The improvement of talent cultivation quality of university industry-industry integration needs to fully implement the strategy of university-enterprise cooperation based on student’s needs and provide more practical training bases to enhance students’ practical ability.