This paper defines the concepts of ESG performance, corporate green technology innovation, and the environment, as well as proposes research hypotheses. It determines the selection of research samples and related data sources, explains specific definitions and measurement methods for the selected variables, and constructs regression models for the corresponding variables. Through correlation analysis, benchmark regression, and robustness tests, we quantitatively analyze the relationship between ESG indicators, green technological innovation, and environmental protection. After analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between ESG and green technology innovation (GTI) and environmental protection (EP) with P<0.05, and the corresponding correlation coefficients are 0.405 (0.05) and 0.317 (0.026). In the benchmark regression results analysis of corporate ESG and green innovation technology, environmental protection is significant at the 1% statistical level; its regression coefficient is 0.101, 0.0372, and the corporate risk-taking levels in ESG indicators play a mediating role in the relationship between green technological innovation and environmental protection.