In the context of aesthetic education infiltration action, the construction of musicology majors in colleges and universities needs to design diverse teaching contents. This paper analyzes the dynamic impact of the construction of musicology professional skill course clusters with the help of the variable impulse response function of the VAR model and explores the promotional relationship between aesthetic education and music professional literacy. Aiming at the problem that the VAR model cannot reflect the time-varying features and nonlinear features, the TVP-VAP model is used to capture the time-varying features, and at the same time, the Bayesian algorithm is used to calculate the parameters in the model to improve the operation efficiency of the model. After the design was completed and put into practical use, the professional knowledge scores of musicology majors in colleges and universities and students’ aesthetic ability scores in January-October 2023 were selected as databases to establish the TVP-VAR model. When implementing aesthetic education, the response value is 0. From the second month onwards, aesthetic education will have a lasting positive effect and level off, and the response value is around 0.003. The value of the impact effect of students’ professionalism on aesthetic education is 0, which indicates a lag, and shows a gradual upward trend in periods 1-4, with a maximum response value of 0.26. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the effects of integrating aesthetic education and music and proposes a new direction for reforming the curriculum of the music major.