The animation technology of computer graphic design can creatively integrate artificial intelligence technology and animation art, and use artificial intelligence technology to realize the creation of animation with the support of computer graphics. Based on this, this paper constructs a particle special effects system to realize the innovation of animation film production technology. This paper first analyzes the functions that need to be realized by the system and carries out the overall design of the system framework using modeling language. This includes the detailed design and graphical representation of the particle module, scene module, texture module, and so on in the particle special effects system. Then, simplify the mathematical model of snow, rain, fountain, etc., establish the particle system model of snow, rain and fountain, and realize the special effects simulation of snow, rain, fountain and other landscapes. Through the experiments, the performance of this system passes the standard of 70 frames per second, and the average score of the evaluation index of “whether there are common phenomena in animation” reaches 9.1 points, but the average score of the particle effects to express the emotions of the characters is only 6.3 points, which indicates that this system realizes the special effects simulation of snow, rain and fountain. This shows that the system in this paper has achieved the special effects simulation of snow, rain, and fountain phenomena, but there is still room for improvement in the expression of characters’ emotions with particle effects. On the whole, the system in this paper has achieved excellent special effects simulation and has realized the innovation of animation film production technology.