This study explores applying big data technology in vocational colleges and universities’ innovation and entrepreneurship education model to improve the teaching effect and promote students’ innovation ability and employment competitiveness. The study includes theoretical analysis and empirical research to analyze the teaching mode, evaluation system, and its impact on the educational effect. The academic model using big data technology significantly improved students’ theoretical knowledge, professional research ability, innovation, and practice ability. This teaching model resulted in an average score of 90 points for innovative practice ability in classes, compared to the traditional education model, which was 27 points higher. The model also significantly improved students’ moral character, motivation, and learning behavior. The innovation and entrepreneurship education model of vocational colleges supported by big data technology can effectively enhance students’ comprehensive quality and innovation ability, which is significant to education reform and talent cultivation.