The application of big data in various fields has become one of the important trends in the development of the information age, and in this context, educational reform in the context of big data has also become an important issue in the field of education. In this paper, we design a “four-in-one” innovation and entrepreneurship education model and combine the big data-driven algorithms, including association rules and clustering mining, to realize the driving of the education model. Specifically, the systematic clustering algorithm is used to analyze the students’ classroom performance, explore the association rules between the student’s classroom performance and their course grades, and finally, this paper applies the “four-in-one” education model to the classroom teaching of innovation and entrepreneurship courses to study the practical application effect of the model. The results show that after the cluster analysis of the student’s classroom performance data, three categories of students with different levels of classroom performance were formed, accounting for 49.46%, 41.68%, and 8.86%, respectively. After three applications of the new education model, the teacher’s participation in classroom speech, questioning, and silence decreased by 12.75, 5.47, and 3.54 percentage points, respectively. In contrast, the student’s speech and questioning rates increased from 5.86% and 10.98% to 8.37% and 19.84%, respectively. The “four-in-one” innovation and entrepreneurship education model designed in this paper has good practical application effects.