This study first constructed an evaluation index system to protect traditional architecture and cultural heritage, and determined the weights of each index through the entropy weighting method. With the help of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the architectural and cultural heritage protection level in County G was quantitatively evaluated. Further, the study analyzed the key factors affecting the protection of traditional architectural and cultural heritage from the perspectives of government regulation, the number of research institutes and organizations, and accessibility, and conducted a predictive analysis of the level of protection and the level of development with the help of scenario simulation method. The study results reveal that the overall architectural and cultural heritage scores in G urban areas are generally higher than 60, and the heritage conservation effectiveness scores of all eight regions exceed 8. In addition, government regulation, the number of research institutions and organizations, and accessibility contribute positively to heritage conservation and development under certain conditions. The findings of this study are of great significance in promoting the preservation, inheritance, and sustainable development of China’s valuable cultural heritage.