Constructing the knowledge system of music education in colleges and universities based on knowledge mapping can not only provide teachers and students with a quick way to retrieve knowledge but also structure all kinds of knowledge elements, which can help teachers and students systematically master the content of music subjects. This paper constructs and designs a music education knowledge system based on knowledge mapping and verifies the effectiveness of the music education knowledge system constructed in this paper through the analysis of the centrality of knowledge points and the analysis of student’s satisfaction with the education knowledge system. In the knowledge point centrality analysis, the learning path generated in this paper is v1-v4-v3-v10-v13-v14-v15-v16-v21-v22, and after using the knowledge graph proposed in this paper for learning, the learners are able to learn more knowledge with faster efficiency.