In this paper, a new intelligent robot path recognition system LADDPG, is constructed by extending the DDPG algorithm with the support of the deep learning network algorithm. The path recognition system is optimized by using the memory system and the decision module guided by the attention mechanism, which solves the problems of the existing DRL intelligent robot path recognition method that cannot store long-time memory and the training time is too long. The system in this paper is validated by conducting path recognition experiments under different road conditions and conducting dynamic obstacle avoidance test experiments. The system can maintain excellent noise immunity and a short path recognition time of 51 ms under the conditions of missing road conditions, circuitous road conditions and large curvature, and in the presence of multiple dynamic obstacles, the system can maintain a collision rate close to 0 while maintaining a very high success rate of 0.98, and the required path recognition time is much lower than that of other methods, with an average reward value of 0.4151. This paper’s system is highly accurate in recognizing intelligent robot paths and has high application value and capability.