The new era is increasing the demand for complex technical and skill talents, and the reform of talent training in vocational education is also imperative. Starting from the real demand, this paper takes the construction of a professional curriculum system under the 1+X certificate system as the entry point, proposes a 1+X early childhood care certificate “class-certificate integration” curriculum system construction method, and takes the preschool education major of M school as an example for successful acceptance. Specifically, the evaluation indexes of the curriculum system construction under the CIPP model are constructed, the weights are calculated by using the FAHP-CRITIC combined weighting method, and the cloud model comprehensively assesses the construction effectiveness. On this basis, the fsQCA method was used to further explore the in-depth construction of the 1+X early childhood care certificate “course-certificate integration” program in the era of big data. The data show that the comprehensive cloud index parameters for the effectiveness of the construction of School M’s curriculum system are 78.1, 0.558, and 0.016. It has initially achieved a certain degree of success. Under the combined effect of high professional strength, high teaching quality, high education funding, and high investment, the effectiveness of the curriculum system shows a high level (consistency = 0.949689 > 0.9). The curriculum system can be further optimized in the era of big data by building a curriculum teaching resource base and strengthening professional teaching skills.