The rapid development of the social economy has led to the aggravation of ecological pollution and endangered human health, so the idea of promoting health through sports has been put forward. Based on physical health problems such as physical weakness, obesity, insomnia, and eye diseases, as well as psychological problems such as low self-esteem, easy generation of negative emotions, and unstable willpower among contemporary college students, according to college sports can activate brain chemicals and improve basic body functions. It studies the promotion effect of college sports on college students’ health. It puts forward the use of the C4.2 decision tree classification algorithm to ensure that college students play sports to promote health and the information gain rate in the C4.2 decision tree classification algorithm. Improve and optimize its original defects to better use it in the college sports system. Finally, questionnaires and volunteer stratified sampling experiments prove that college sports can better promote the physical and mental health development of college students, which has certain practical significance.