Today, the evolution of art teaching evaluation systems faces significant challenges and opportunities, particularly with the limitations of subjective judgments in traditional methods impacting the accuracy of teaching quality assessments. This study leverages advancements in artificial intelligence, specifically neural networks enhanced by the Taruhai Sheath algorithm, to propose a novel and more objective approach for evaluating art teaching. Our optimized neural network model demonstrates a remarkable 92% accuracy in art teaching evaluations, outperforming traditional methods by 15%. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the quality of practical teaching is a critical factor in boosting students’ artistic creativity. By applying the Taruhai Sheath algorithm for neural network optimization, this research offers a groundbreaking method to elevate the objectivity and rigor of art education evaluations, promising a significant leap forward in art teaching quality.