With the development of society, ideology and culture in constant change, ideological and political education in colleges and universities has been increasingly emphasized. This paper constructs an assessment model for the effect of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Based on the specific objectives of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, this paper first establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of educational effect. Subsequently, the information entropy model is used to standardize the data of the selected indicators, and the final scores of each indicator are calculated by the support vector regression (SVR) method, thus completing the construction of the education effect assessment model. The reasonableness test of the proposed model for evaluating the effectiveness of Civic and Political Education in colleges and universities shows that the fluctuation range of the model’s weights is between 0.02 and 0.1. The fluctuation is minimized and the evaluation grade is credible. In the specific case study of Civic and Political Education, the entropy weights of teaching methods, performance improvement and teaching resources are 0.02445, 0.02438 and 0.02415, respectively, which shows that the information entropy-based Civic and Political Education Effectiveness Evaluation Model of Colleges and Universities in this paper is not only practical but also has rationality. Therefore, the model provides an effective method and path for the development and effect assessment of education in colleges and universities, and helps to promote the further enhancement of Civic and Political Education in colleges and universities.