To improve the quality of education in higher vocational colleges and universities, it is necessary to reform and innovate their education management mode, and education can truly promote social development only by promoting the harmonious development of personality. This paper constructs a personalized education management and top talent cultivation model based on the framework of multiple intelligences theory and establishes an evaluation index system to assess its implementation effect. The hierarchical analysis method is used to determine the weights of the indicators, and then the implementation effect of the management and cultivation model is assessed through the multilevel gray comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluation of the implementation effect of the higher vocational colleges and universities found that the average score of the implementation effect evaluation of the four higher vocational colleges and universities is between 3.94 and 4.59 points, which is at a high level, indicating that the implementation effect of personalized education management and top talent cultivation model is better. It is also found that students in higher vocational colleges and universities are more satisfied with the teaching method, management method, curriculum, and cultivation objectives. The model improvement suggestions put forward in this paper from the perspective of students provide valuable references for educational administrators and teachers of higher vocational colleges and universities so that students in higher vocational colleges and universities can achieve the desired effect of cultivating top-notch talents.