This paper adopts multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to divide the set of college students’ basketball athletic ability and performance factors into several subsets, and determines the weight coefficients according to the importance of each single factor accordingly to determine the evaluation indexes of college students’ basketball athletic ability and performance. Starting from college students’ basketball ability and performance, the basketball ability and performance assessment model based on fuzzy evaluation is constructed according to the fuzzy set of factor importance and judgment matrix. The college students’ basketball athletic ability and performance were measured by using statistical analysis to select and analyze experimental test subjects. The results show that the correlation coefficient between the sophomore men’s group and the coaches’ scores is 0.72 (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient between the sophomore women’s group and the coaches’ scores is 0.78 (P<0.01), which indicates that the fuzzy evaluation model has a high validity scale validity for the clinical performances of the youth basketball players. Peking University, Zhejiang University, and Guangdong University of Technology’s field scores did not differ significantly, with Tsinghua University’s shooting ability having an RSR value of 0.812. By studying college students’ basketball abilities and performance measurements, this study holds great significance for enhancing college basketball.