Aiming at the management problems of students in colleges and universities, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of counselors’ management ability based on the construction of structural equation model. The survey sample and questionnaire are selected according to the research objectives. To ensure the authenticity and validity of the research results, we test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire data, considering their usability. Research hypotheses are put forward according to the actual situation of college counselors’ management ability. At the same time, latent and measurable variables are set, followed by completing the construction of the structural equation model based on counselors’ management ability. Based on the acquired questionnaire data, the partial least squares method was used to conduct a case study on counselors’ management ability. The results show 26 standardized factor loadings >0.705 on the 50 observations of the hidden variables. The compound correlation coefficient R2<0.5, indicating that the five dimensions of leadership, sense of efficacy, adaptability, innovativeness, and execution are positively correlated with the improvement of tutors’ competence. All of them have a positive impact on the improvement of management competence.