In the era of artificial intelligence, how to effectively integrate curriculum ideology into college physical education teaching has become an essential way to improve students’ comprehensive quality, and this research area has been increasingly emphasized. The study first analyzes the dialectical relationship between curriculum Civics and college physical education teaching, pointing out that the two have consistent educational goals and concepts and can form a good synergy effect. Regarding methodology, the item group theory is used to analyze the teaching mode of civics and politics, revealing the advantages of improving the homogeneity of physical education curriculum civics and politics. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of enhancing physical education teachers’ awareness in practicing course ideology and politics, and it is believed that teachers are the key to guiding students to form correct ideological values. The study utilizes the pull-out gearing method and the material element expandable theory to quantitatively evaluate the effect of integrating curriculum ideology and politics into physical education teaching in colleges and universities. The results showed that after integrating curriculum ideology and politics, students’ mastery of physical education skills increased by 25%, and the awareness of ideological content increased by 30%. In addition, teachers’ self-efficacy in implementing the Civic Politics in PE teaching increased by 40%, and students’ social adaptability scores increased by an average of 2.3 points out of 10. The effective integration of curriculum ideology can significantly improve the quality of physical education teaching in colleges and universities, and positively impact the enhancement of students’ ideology and morality as well as their skills and techniques.