As artificial intelligence (AI) matures, it presents challenges and opportunities for music education in higher education. This study investigates how AI can facilitate integrating and transmitting China’s rich traditional culture within modern music pedagogy. Utilizing literature review, surveys, and experimental teaching, our research demonstrates that AI enhances teaching efficiency and significantly boosts students’ engagement with traditional culture—evidenced by a 30% increase in their understanding and appreciation of traditional music compared to conventional methods. AI technology emerges as a powerful tool for preserving and digitalizing traditional music, thus sparking students’ interest and fostering a deeper connection with their cultural heritage. This paper suggests that AI can significantly improve music teaching quality and efficiency, offering a novel approach to artistic education and heritage preservation.