In the intelligent era, information-based teaching is the trend of education reform in colleges and universities, and improving teachers’ information-based teaching ability has become an inevitable requirement for education and teaching in colleges and universities. According to the constituent elements of university teachers’ teaching ability, this paper proposes a scheme to improve teachers’ teaching ability by using virtual reality technology to build a virtual teaching and research room, introducing data sharing technology based on blockchain and federated learning, and creating a smart teaching environment in universities. Several experiments are conducted to measure the key pair generation time of this paper’s scheme in SGX and non-SGX environments, as well as the total time of the whole sharing system. Divide the experimental group of virtual teaching and research rooms into the traditional group, compare the effectiveness of pre- and post-tests, and verify the practicality of virtual teaching and research room construction. The comparison shows the level of informational teaching achieved by teachers in colleges and universities after smart teaching environments were constructed, when combined with the questionnaire data. Following the implementation of the smart teaching environment for teaching and research, 45.67% of teachers regularly engage in informational teaching, while less than 2% do not. This trend may partially correlate with their age.