In today’s digital era, mental health challenges among college students are escalating. This study investigates how integrating mental health education with student management can foster college students’ comprehensive growth. Employing fuzzy clustering for mental health analysis and leveraging both sample-weighted and feature-weighted algorithms, we assess the mental well-being of students from varied familial backgrounds. Our findings reveal that students from particular family backgrounds exhibit significantly lower mental health scores across personality, emotional stability, behavioral habits, self-awareness, and social interactions, with marked disparities in depression and anxiety levels. The adoption of a collaborative parenting approach markedly improved the mental health outcomes for these students, reducing depression and anxiety scores by 1.815 and 1.436 points, respectively. The study advocates for a concerted effort in mental health education and student management within higher education institutions, emphasizing support for students from challenging family environments to nurture their holistic well-being.