The implementation of a rural revitalization strategy promotes the branding development of rural cultural industry and its local characteristics, and “branding agriculture” has become an important engine for upgrading and development of rural industry. The article establishes the teaching framework for the brand design course group with the concept of CDIO engineering education. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling are employed to examine the specific factors that affect the improvement of teaching quality in the brand design course group. The empirical data was obtained through questionnaires, and the public factors were obtained based on exploratory and validation factor analysis. Then, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the influence effects of the variables. The cumulative contribution of the variance of the six common factors extracted by factor analysis to the teaching quality of the brand design course group reaches 79.061%. The goodness of fit of the structural equation model meets the modeling needs, in which the path coefficient of teacher quality on teaching quality is 0.789. The coefficient of the indirect influence effect on teaching content is 0.211. The primary goal of improving the teaching quality of the brand design course group is to establish a high-quality teacher team as a way to help students understand and grasp the connotations of rural culture.