The construction of a professional learning development community for foreign language teachers is related to the personal development and group development of college teachers and is a guarantee for the improvement of the quality of foreign language teaching in colleges and universities. Starting from the model of professional learning networks and network learning communities, this paper establishes a teacher development community using the mean drift clustering algorithm optimized by the Gaussian kernel function. The scale-free network BA algorithm is utilized to construct a network alliance of foreign language teachers’ development community and establish indicators related to network metrics. The data of foreign language teachers’ communication platforms is used as an example to analyze the network structure of the community network alliance, and a comparison experiment is designed to analyze the application effect of the community network alliance. When the clustering cluster of foreign language teachers’ community is defined as 5, the clustering sum of squares is 79.45%, and the clustering effect is the greatest. The average interaction degree number of network members was only 1.853, and only six foreign language teachers had mediated centrality above 0.5. The teaching abilities of ordinary and excellent teachers improved between 0.36 and 0.66 points after implementing the network alliance of foreign language teachers’ development community. Making full use of intelligent technology to carry out the establishment of foreign language teacher development community network alliance helps to improve the teaching ability of foreign language teachers and realize the improvement of foreign language teaching quality.