In the information network, using the characteristics of information diffusion of the Internet, information pushing can be carried out effectively to help publicize safety education, which is of great significance to the construction of safety education system in colleges and universities. In this paper, we optimize the distribution of nodes through graph transformation and independent set ideas and propose an influence maximization algorithm based on HISS to improve the usability of safety information. On this basis, an adaptive safety education system is designed, and an optimization algorithm is proposed for determining the probability of content and knowledge point mastery, which is applied to actual safety education. It was found that the total score of the safety test of the experimental class was improved by 16.22 points before and after, the total score of the experimental class exceeded that of the control class by 10.49 points, and the p-values were all less than 0.001. In total, 84.53% of the students strongly agreed or agreed that the types of learning resources could satisfy their learning needs, and 82.29% of the students were satisfied or very satisfied with the way of pushing the resources of the online course. It indicates that improving the safety education system can increase students’ motivation to learn safety, promote the mastery of safety skills, and cultivate safety awareness.