A physical education and fitness course is a course with physical practice as the main means. Teachers often pay more attention to students’ physical practice in teaching but neglect the development of moral education, aesthetic education, intellectual education, and labor education. Aiming at this kind of teaching problem, this paper combines the concept of “five education” and the characteristics of physical education teaching. It puts forward the physical education teaching mode and practice path that permeates the idea of “five education.” Selection of research subjects, design, and distribution of a humanistic literacy questionnaire to obtain data, reliability test processing to ensure accuracy of research, and analysis of this paper. SPSS software is used to analyze an example of sports education work that integrates the concept of five education. Data presentation: the mean values of the post-test students’ humanistic literacy in the experimental group and the control group are 9.45 and 9.36, respectively, and the P value is 0.009, which indicates that the integration of the concept of five education in college physical education teaching is more advantageous in the cultivation of students’ humanistic literacy in comparison with the traditional physical education teaching mode. This study makes physical education classroom teaching more dynamic and versatile, gives a new meaning to physical education classroom teaching, and improves the effectiveness of physical education teaching.