Amidst the swift advancement and integration of science and technology in educational frameworks, the traditional pedagogical approaches to college English necessitate significant transformation and enhancement. This study introduces an online interactive teaching mode for college English, devised through the utilization of the Integrated Curriculum Design (ICD) model. This innovative model synergistically incorporates neural networks with backtracking search optimization to foster a dynamic educational environment. The preliminary establishment of the online interactive teaching mode, grounded in the ICD model, was thoroughly analyzed and researched. Subsequently, the strategic integration of the BP neural network with the backtracking search optimization algorithm furnishes robust technical support, thereby laying a solid foundation for extensive analytical undertakings. Empirical analysis reveals that students, teachers, and parents from varied geographical and socio-economic backgrounds demonstrate disparate performances across several metrics. Nonetheless, there remains a uniformly high level of satisfaction with the online interactive teaching modality, indicative of its effectiveness and acceptance. Notably, when juxtaposed with conventional offline teaching methodologies, the newly designed online mode evidences an enhancement in students’ auditory comprehension efficiency by approximately 28.74%. The advent of this online interactive teaching mode for college English, predicated on the ICD model, plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the burgeoning “Internet + education” paradigm, underscoring its potential to revolutionize traditional educational ecosystems.