Driven by science and technology, the amount of information in today’s society has increased at an unprecedented rate, and the explosion of big sports data has brought challenges to the development of sports data mining. For the education of physical education courses, in order to comply with the educational requirements of the times, based on the rise of the sports recognition model in recent years, this paper carries out sports recognition and evaluation on the basis of data mining to achieve the auxiliary efficacy of physical education course teaching. The study first conducted an in-depth analysis of the data mining technology, and then in order to guarantee the accuracy of the sports behaviour data, this paper compared and analysed different processing methods so as to select a third-order low-pass filter. Subsequently, a sports recognition and assessment model based on the random forest algorithm is proposed, and in the comparative analysis of the algorithms, it can be seen that the recognition method in this paper has the best recognition and assessment effect, and the average recognition rate is as high as 0.924. Based on this, this paper constructs an education management system for the education of physical education courses, which is composed of a data source, a data access layer, a data storage layer, a data analysis layer, an application layer, and a support function, and finally, it takes 30 students of M Physical Education College as the experimental objects to carry out the teaching experiment and to analyse the actual performance base of the students. Before and after the teaching experiment, the experimental group based on the teaching system of this paper to assist in teaching the performance of all indicators by a significant improvement, and P is less than 0.05. At the same time, after the teaching experiment, its average performance is much higher than the control group, which shows that this paper is based on the data mining construction of the physical education teaching system that can actually improve the effect of physical education courses.