The rapid development of higher education has made the social supply far greater than the social demand, which has created the problem of difficult employment for college students. The implementation of the national strategy of strengthening human resources and the healthy development of a harmonious society is facilitated by solving the employment problem of college students. In this study, we first constructed a model of college students’ employment through factor analysis and explored the key factors that affect the employment quality of college students. The keywords were used to extract the hotspots of corporate recruitment and to extract measurement variables such as GPA scores. Factor analysis was used to find out the potential variables, extract the effective factors greater than 1, name and number the principal component factors, and identify the items with the highest correlation of each principal component factor, respectively. The model of this paper was validated through exploratory and validation analyses on the obtained data, which were consistent between the validation and exploratory samples. The actual value of X² was 0.7312, which was in line with the evaluation criteria. The evaluation criteria are met by the values of the other five indicators. The model’s high fit and scientific construction are reflected by it. This paper integrates factor analysis with the exploration of college students’ employment pathways, providing a set of application models that can be used as a reference.