Virtual reality technology has the potential to be applied to enhance the presentation effect and student participation in the Chinese language and literature classroom. After analyzing the applications of this technology in the teaching of Chinese language and literature, a virtual scenario teaching program is created in this paper. A virtual reality-based scenario teaching system is constructed by the program and integrated with traditional teaching methods. A teaching case combining VR technology was designed with “Tianjingsha-Autumn Thoughts” as an example, and a teaching experiment study was conducted based on the case. The results show that the outstanding rate of poetry achievement in the experimental class increased by 50%, the average score increased by 9.41 points, and the scores of the survey results in the four dimensions of learning interest, learning participation, system satisfaction, and knowledge mastery were all around 3.5 points. Virtual reality technology in the teaching program has a positive effect on students’ better mastery of traditional poetry and enhanced learning interest.